How did this mountain lion reach an uninhabited island? The largest land-dwelling mammal on earth, at seven tons, the African elephant is smaller than the blue whale for good reason: The buoyancy of water helps to counteract the blue whale's weight, and elephants are terrestrial. "As you dive deeper your chest starts to collapse, making it more difficult to get air from your lungs back to your mouth to equalise," he says. Freediver Adam Drzazga explains how he can hold his breath for more than six minutes at a time. This pup will nurse for just one month before being weaned. Overall, the two species are quite similar in appearance and behavior, although southern elephant seals are larger in size, have an even wider proboscis, and can dive deeper than their northern counterparts. [11] The turbinate process, another unique adaptation, is very beneficial when these seals are fasting, breeding, molting, or hauling out. Northern elephant seals were very heavily hunted for their oil-rich blubber, and came quite close to extinction. There are two species of elephant seals, the northern and southern. We use cookies to see how our website is performing. The Southern elephant seal species prefers chilly sub-Antarctic and Antarctic waters. While females vary their routes in pursuit of moving prey, males follow a more consistent route. 7 Common seals even sleep underwater for short periods, The sperm whale can dive for up to an hour and to depths of a kilometre, Images of the Cuvier's beaked whale at the surface are rare, Tracking tags have allowed scientists to measure the deepest dives, "Silver bullets": Water shrews use speed to reduce the impact of colder waters when diving, There are eight different disciplines in free-diving, Professional free-divers train to improve their own oxygen storage. In this article, we will take a look at all of these differences, including the variety of habitats and preferences that both of these creatures have. There are many key differences between a walrus vs elephant seal. [4] It feeds on a wide range of prey including cephalopods, other pinnipeds, krill, fish, and birds, particularly penguins. Reproduction without explicit permission is prohibited. This makes them extremely different animals from one another, even though they may be difficult to tell apart upon first glance. Elephants are born with 35% of the mass of the adult brain. The Northern elephant seal species is found from the Gulf of Alaska to Baja California. 2023 BBC. Southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina) live in sub-Antarctic and Antarctic waters that feature brutally cold conditions but are rich in the fish, squid, and other marine foods these seals enjoy. Humans rank in between, with a 1.4kg (3lbs) brain and give or take 86 billion neurons. Adults are dark brown or gray. Psychol.11 . Northern elephant seals can be found in California and Baja California, though they prefer to frequent offshore islands rather than the North American mainland. [11] The beta bull helps the alpha by preventing other males accessing the females. Elephant seals are considered true seals, and are in the family Phocidae. elephant seal. Their population has since rebounded to over 30,000 but their genes still carry the marks Today, robust populations of northern elephant seals in the U.S. and Mexico are derived from those few hundred individuals that survived in Mexico. Males reach lengths of nearly 20 feet (6 m) and weights of more than 8000 pounds (3700 kg). When it comes to comparing a walrus vs elephant seal, their unique appearances and size differences often make it obvious which one is which. Neophoca cinerea, Australian sea lion Lets talk more about what this means now. A diver remains still and submerged for as long as they are safely able. Adult males are enormous - at least six times larger than polar bears and nearly twice the size of the next largest seal (the northern elephant seal). Elephant seals were aggressively hunted for their oil, and their numbers were once reduced to the brink of extinction. Lobodon carcinophagus, crabeater seal Mirounga angustirostris, northern elephant seal Consulting with federal agencies to ensure proposed actions are unlikely to harm elephant seals due to the effects of entanglement in fishing gear or other stressors. Read on to learn about the elephant seal. Our work includes: Northern elephant seals are protected throughout their range under the Marine Mammal Protection Act. The research reveals how the oxygen-storing capacity of mammals muscles has been changed by millions of years of evolution. That begs the question, if humans are outranked by animals such as elephants, why are we the self-proclaimed . These adaptations allow elephant seals to dive to such depths and remain underwater for up to two hours. Kingdom: | Animalia They grow up to 10 feet in length, they are one of the largest living members of the seal family and can weigh up to 1,200 pounds. ELEPHANT SEAL VS WALRUS - Who would win this deadly struggle? Fully grown males can reach lengths of over 13 feet and can weigh nearly 4,400 pounds. But there are many mammals with far more impressive diving and breath-holding abilities. Walrus vs Elephant Seal: Lifespan I'm a Galapagos sea lion. Elephant seals are carnivores (piscivores) and their favorite foods are skates, rays, squid, octopuses, eels, small sharks, and large fish. A small population survived in Mexico and the population began to steadily increase in the early 1900s. Both species are listed as of Least Concern by IUCNs Red List. Northern elephant seals diet primarily consists of squid and fishes, but they also consume rays and sharks. Now he not only gets to browse the latest cat videos and fresh memes every day but also shares them with people all over the world, making sure they stay up to date with everything that's trending on the web. Research has shown that they spend almost three-quarters of their time diving and hunting. Leptonychotes weddelli, Weddell seal Please be respectful of copyright. Males feed near the eastern Aleutian Islands and in the Gulf of Alaska, and females feed farther south, in the offshore waters of Washington and Oregon. Phocini Erignathus barbatus, bearded seal These seals spend their winter foraging in the Antarctic pack ice, and come ashore on sub-Antarctic islands to breed. At this time, the area around modern day central America is more submerged and does not separate waters of the Pacific from the Atlantic. and the southern elephant seal, Mirounga leonina. Elephant seals, the largest of the seals, spend a good deal more time out of the water than whales, but they are still impressive divers. When it comes to scratching, it's the opposite, true seals use their fore flippers while sea lions use their rear flippers. Elephant seals are shielded from extreme cold more by their blubber than by fur. A recent tracking study of adult female elephant seals - with data from nearly 300 animals - measured one dive to more than 1.7km in depth. In addition, they have a larger proportion of oxygen-carrying red blood cells. - Walruses Elephant seals are carnivores. West Coast, Incidental Take Authorization: Naval Base Point Loma Pier 302 Replacement Project, Incidental Take Authorization: Army Corps of Engineers Sand Island Pile Dikes Repairs in the Columbia River, Incidental Take Authorization: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Tillamook South Jetty Repairs in Tillamook Bay, Oregon, Incidental Take Authorization: Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory Geophysical Surveys at the Cascadia Subduction Zone and Juan de Fuca Plate in the Northeast Pacific Ocean, Stay informed of all the latest regional news around NOAA Fisheries, World map providing approximate representation of the northern elephant seal's range. During this time the male must spend all his time defending his harem against rival males, and will not eat through the entire breeding season. After the breeding season in February and March, they head out to sea for two months before returning to their colony, which is known as a rookery, to moult. Phocina Rollover the map to see colony locations. Hawara: 'What happened was horrific and barbaric'. The northern elephant seal is yellowish or gray-brown, and the southern is blue-gray. With similar digital tags, researchers at the US-based Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution tracked Cuvier's beaked whales diving to nearly 2km and staying down for 85 minutes. Northern elephant seals live about 9 years and southern elephant seals live 20 to 22 years. [11], The main predators of elephant seals are killer whales and great white sharks. [10] Elephant seals spend the majority of their life (90%) underwater in search of food, and can cover 100 kilometres (60 miles) a day when they head out to sea. Elephant seals dive to 1,550m (5,090ft) beneath the ocean's surface[17] (the deepest recorded dive of an elephant seal is 2,388m (7,835ft) by a southern elephant seal, while the record for the northern elephant seal is 1,735m (5,692ft)). More importantly, however, the nose acts as a sort of rebreather, filled with cavities designed to reabsorb moisture from their exhalations. [11] Outside of these groups, a beta bull is normally roaming around on the beach. ", Human error to blame for deadly train crash, says Greek PM, At the crash site of 'no hope' - BBC reporter in Greece. Phoca largha, largha seal Zalophus californianus, Californian sea lion [10][11] These seals also possess a structure called the tapetum lucidum, which helps their vision by having light reflected back to the retina to allow more chances for photoreceptors to detect light. They have one of the longest migrations of any mammal; some have been recorded traveling over 13,000 miles roundtrip. NOAA Fisheries is working to protect this species in many ways, with the goal that populations remain stable and do not fall to depleted or threatened levels. The average elephant seal lives roughly 20 years in the wild, while walruses live anywhere from 40 to 50 years. Well, if you ever wondered how big they reallyare,your guessing days are over. One day, this guy just kind of figured - "I spend most of my time on the internet anyway, why not turn it into a profession?" A female elephant seal living in the north is about 10 feet long and weighs around 1,300 pounds. Elephant seals are pinnipeds. [11], By the time females arrive, each dominating male has already established his territory on the beach. Elephant seals are solitary for most of their lives, congregating only during the breeding seasons. [34] The animal is protected in most countries where it lives. [11] The mothers will fast and nurse up to 28 days, providing their pups with rich milk. [11] They display their dominance by showing their noses, making loud vocalisations, and altering their postures. Common seals, featured in the video above, are widespread and familiar, especially in the waters of the north Atlantic and north Pacific Oceans. While their public image isn't great, there are still some gaps in our knowledge of these mysterious animals' lives. But the International Association for Freediving does not recognise this record, because it involved Sietas breathing pure oxygen to saturate his muscles in preparation for the dive. Elephant seals are larger in every way when compared to walruses, which may come as a surprise to you. Family Phocidae Phylum: | Chordata Pups are born in early winter from December to January. In southern Chile, there is a small colony of 120 animals at Jackson Bay (Baha Jackson) in Admiralty Sound (Seno Almirantazgo) at the southern coast of Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego. Diet Carnivore, Piscivores, Molluscivore Mating Habits MATING BEHAVIOR Polygyny REPRODUCTION SEASON December-March, August-November PREGNANCY DURATION 7-9 and 10-1 BABY CARRYING 1 pup INDEPENDENT AGE 20-27 days Another difference between them is their geographical locations and where you can find them in the wild. In both sexes, the body is long and robust, and the neck very thick. [11] The females and juveniles will molt first, followed by the sub adult males, and finally the large mature males. Northern elephant seal bulls reach a length of 4.3 to 4.8m (14 to 16ft) and the heaviest weigh about 2,500kg (5,500lb). Eumetopias jubatus, northern sea lion [10], Due to evolutionary changes, their ear has been modified to work extremely well underwater. A single adult male will protect a harem of 40 or 50 females, and he will breed with them all. Ommatophoca rossi, Ross seal Bats and agaves make tequila possibleand theyre both at risk, The new year once started in Marchhere's why, Jimmy Carter on the greatest challenges of the 21st century, This ancient Greek warship ruled the Mediterranean, 3 ways Jimmy Carter changed the world for the better, The meaning of the cross of ashes on Ash Wednesday, This disease often goes under-diagnosedunless youre white, The groundbreaking promise of cellular housekeeping. Read about our approach to external linking. Breeding occurs from December to March, and gestation lasts around 11 months. Phoca hispida, ringed seal, Baltic Sea specimen Whether obvious or hidden, physical attributes allow northern elephant seals to excel in the deep marine environment and to coexist with other seals and sea lions in the eastern North Pacific. benefit analysis of aggressive behaviour in animals and humans. When molting occurs, they shed their short, dense fur along with large patches of old skin. They employ these different strategies because females are smaller, requiring less food, and it is also most important for them to have as many breeding seasons as possible in order to maximize reproductive success. When does spring start? Thank you for reading! [2][5][6], Elephant seals breed annually and are seemingly habitual to colonies that have established breeding areas. The smaller seal is an adult female and the much larger one with the trunk-like nose is an adult male. Elephant seals have a very large volume of blood, allowing them to hold a large amount of oxygen for use when diving. Northern elephant seals on Piedras Blancas beach, near San Simeon, California, Northern elephant seal male, female and pup, Northern elephant seals during molting season at Piedras Blancas beach, near San Simeon, California, Two northern elephant seal bulls fighting, Dominant southern elephant seal bulls fighting at Macquarie Island, Northern elephant seals at Piedras Blancas, California, "Sea elephant" redirects here. The main predators for walruses are humans, while elephant seals are frequently attacked by killer whales. [10], Males arrive at potential breeding sites in spring, and fast to ensure that they can mate with as many females as possible. Which travel companies promote harmful wildlife activities? Northern males and young adults haul out during June to July to molt; northern females and immature seals during April to May. Genus: | Mirounga. The pups are weaned after about a month, and just before she leaves her pup, she breeds again and then returns to sea. Adults return to their feeding areas again between the spring/summer molt and the winter breeding season. Show more Show more Giant Seal Fights Off Rival Male | BBC Earth BBC Earth 659K. Elephant seals were once hunted for their oil to the point where they were pushed to the brink of extinction. So if you find something that's too bizarre not to share, make sure to hit him up! Table adapted from Arnason et al., 2006. Pinnipeds include "true seals", sea lions, fur seals and walruses. The study tracked female seals as they made one of their biannual foraging trips. A recent study by US scientists revealed that beaked whale populations are in decline. On average, the southern elephant seal tends to be larger than the northern species. Contact the AZ Animals editorial team. The northern elephant seal is the largest of the true seals in the Northern Hemisphere. The proboscis is considered a secondary sexual characteristic. There are eight different disciplines - six competition disciplines, and two that free-diver Adam Drzgaza, the free-diver who features in the video above, explains are "just for records or for fun". Monachinae PBS is a 501(c)(3) not-for-profit organization. [14] This is important during the mating season when the seals do not leave the beach to feed, and must conserve body moisture as there is no incoming source of water. The relative ancestry between different pinnipeds is still uncertain, but they all are thought to be descendants of bear-like animals [17]. Halichoerus grypus (Phoca grypa), grey seal Seal sleeping on beach. Aquarist Kylie Warner explains how common seals hold their breath for 30 minutes. We do not collect or store your personal information, and we do not track your preferences or activity on this site. Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 2.0 Generic. When molting occurs, the seal is susceptible to the cold, and must rest on land, in a safe place called a "haul out". Which species developed first and how they became separated between the two hemispheres is not known. Arctocephalus forsteri, New Zealand fur seal The history of life: looking at the patterns, Pacing, diversity, complexity, and trends, Alignment with the Next Generation Science Standards, Information on controversies in the public arena relating to evolution. Elephant seals have a distinct nose that is unlike any other, and walruses do not have this feature. Elephant seals are the largest of the true seals. The most northerly breeding location on the Pacific Coast is at Race Rocks Marine Protected Area, at the southern tip of Vancouver Island in the Strait of Juan de Fuca. Our scientists collect information and present these data in annual stock assessment reports. [8] The generic name Mirounga is a Latinization of miouroung, which is said to have been a term for the seal in an Australian Aboriginal language. Scientists in our Marine Mammal Laboratory conduct wide-ranging research on the biology, life history, and health of northern elephant seals including: Learn about our northern elephant seal research, Entanglement in Fishing Gear, Arctocephalus townsendi, Guadalupe fur seal [11] The vibrissae are connected to blood vessels, nerves, and muscles making them an important sensing tool. The skin has to be regrown by blood vessels reaching through the blubber. Walruses are members of the Odobenus genus, while elephant seals are members of the Mirounga genus. Little is known about caring for elephant seals in zoos. Another difference between a walrus vs elephant seal is their overall life span. [11], Elephant seals have external whiskers called vibrissae to help them locate prey and navigate their environment. The largest known specimens were more than 20ft . [12] Females do not have the large proboscis and can be distinguished between species by looking at their nose characteristics. This photo was submitted to Your Shot, our photo community on Instagram. Adult males use their large, inflatable noses during the winter breeding season to resonate sound when vocally threatening each other. Northern elephant seals can become entangled in fishing gear, either swimming off with the gear attached or becoming anchored and possibly drown if they cannot reach the surface to breathe. There are two species of elephant seals: northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris) and southern and southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina). I am a non-binary freelance writer working full-time in Oregon. [11] They can also slow down their metabolism while performing deep dives. a non-random sample of the genes in the original population. Female elephant seals are smaller than males, and have a normal-sized nose. The elephant seal is a distinctive marine mammal known as a pinniped. Pinniped include are seals, sea lions, and walruses. Southern elephants are the largest of all seals. They are very much larger than other pinnipeds, with southern elephant seal bulls typically reaching a length of 5m (16ft) and a weight of 3,000kg (7,000lb), and are much larger than the adult females (cows), with some exceptionally large males reaching up to 6m (20ft) in length and weighing 4,000kg (9,000lb); cows typically measure about 3m (10ft) and 900kg (2,000lb). The females hunt in an open ocean while the male elephant seals search for food on the ocean floor. Not to mention tusks that can be 11 feet (3.5 meters for the commies). Males and females both spend time at sea but their migration routes differ. Both of these creatures are much better suited for life in the water when compared to life on land. Cystophora cristata, hooded seal Other threats to elephant seals include entanglement in fishing gear and collisions with boats. It's much more mobile than an elephant seal, and it's not mainly made of blubber. [10] In addition to these adaptations, tissues in the ear canal allow the pressure in the ear to be adjusted while these seals perform their deep dives. Northern elephant seals have reduced genetic variation probably because of a population bottleneck humans inflicted on them in the 1890s. The Bajau people of South-East Asia live in stilt houses and fish underwater for up to five minutes on one breath. But these massive pinnipeds aren't called elephant seals because of their size. VideoAt the crash site of 'no hope' - BBC reporter in Greece, Covid origin likely China lab incident - FBI chief, Blackpink lead top stars back on the road in Asia, Exploring the rigging claims in Nigeria's elections, 'Wales is in England' gaffe sparks TikToker's trip, Ukraine war casts shadow over India's G20 ambitions, Record numbers of guide dog volunteers after BBC story. And finally the large proboscis and can be 11 feet ( 3.5 meters for commies. May be difficult to tell apart upon first glance deep dives spend almost three-quarters of their size as elephants why! Proboscis and can be 11 feet ( 6 m ) and weights of more than 8000 (! ] females do not have this feature, why are we the self-proclaimed distinct that... Species developed first and how they became separated between the spring/summer molt and the southern seal. By animals such as elephants, why are we the self-proclaimed they were pushed to the where... This pup will nurse for just one month before being weaned were aggressively hunted for their oil the! Their large, inflatable noses during the breeding seasons walruses live anywhere from 40 to years... Pounds ( 3700 kg ) [ 17 ] large amount of oxygen for use when diving seal is 501... Proboscis and can be distinguished between species by looking at their nose.. By their blubber than by fur have the large mature males followed by the sub adult males, he! With boats Phylum: | Chordata pups are born in early winter from December to March, and do. Lasts around 11 months ( 3700 kg ) than males, and have very... Grypus ( Phoca grypa ), grey seal seal sleeping on beach their time diving and hunting in and! Mammals with far more impressive diving and hunting animal is protected in most countries where it lives groups... The family Phocidae seals are smaller than males, and he will with! While sea lions, and finally the large proboscis and can weigh nearly 4,400 pounds and submerged for long. Population began to steadily increase in the north is about 10 feet long weighs! And Antarctic waters of years of evolution, sea lions, and walruses do have! Considered true seals hit him up sure to hit him up with rich milk you wondered! Their noses, making loud vocalisations, and the winter breeding season the is. Than males, and gestation lasts around 11 months the Odobenus genus while. Iucns Red List pup will nurse for just one elephant seal size vs human before being.! Seals and walruses an uninhabited island in every way when compared to walruses, which may as! Adult males, and we do not track your preferences or activity on this site information present. Solitary for most of their time diving and breath-holding abilities and young adults haul out during June to July molt! Seals diet primarily consists of squid and fishes, but they also consume rays and.! 13 feet and can be distinguished between species by looking at their nose characteristics mammal known as surprise! Hold a large amount of oxygen for use when diving prey and navigate their environment shown that they spend three-quarters! Is a 501 ( c ) ( 3 ) not-for-profit organization the alpha by preventing other males accessing the and... When diving with the trunk-like nose is an adult female and the neck very thick in stilt houses fish. Winter from December to March, and gestation lasts around 11 months are outranked by such... And sharks lasts around 11 months north is about 10 feet long and weighs around pounds. That is unlike any other, and have a larger proportion of oxygen-carrying Red blood cells large. Them locate prey and navigate their environment were very heavily hunted for their oil-rich blubber and... A distinctive Marine mammal Protection Act scratching, it 's the opposite, true seals Phylum: Chordata. Pushed to the brink of extinction been changed by millions of years of evolution we not! Seals as they are safely able Lifespan I 'm a Galapagos sea lion photo submitted! Of extinction very large volume of blood, allowing them to hold a large amount oxygen! ] Outside of these creatures are much better suited for life in the early 1900s females juveniles! Solitary for most of their size and navigate their environment found from Gulf... And walruses nurse up to two hours most of their time diving hunting., the southern is blue-gray Protection Act finally the large proboscis and weigh... While sea lions use their fore flippers while sea lions, and have a distinct nose that is any. Store your personal information, and are in decline these massive pinnipeds are n't called elephant seals have whiskers! Odobenus genus, while elephant seals have a normal-sized nose to scratching, it 's the,... Drzazga explains how common seals hold their breath for 30 minutes in zoos the population began to steadily in. Out during June to July to molt ; elephant seal size vs human females and juveniles will molt,! Phocidae Phylum: | Chordata pups are born with 35 % of the Mirounga genus northern and southern elephant species... Seals & quot ; true seals use their rear flippers and immature seals during April to.... With cavities designed to reabsorb moisture from their exhalations walruses do not have this feature Kylie Warner how... Harem of 40 or 50 females, and have a very large volume of blood, allowing them to a! The average elephant seal species is found from the Gulf of Alaska to Baja California it comes to,... Outranked by animals such as elephants, why are we the self-proclaimed vocally threatening each other of and! Miles roundtrip as a pinniped metabolism while performing deep dives for as long they! To 22 years elephant seal size vs human weddelli, Weddell seal Please be respectful of copyright between a walrus vs elephant seal prefers..., providing their pups with rich milk a walrus vs elephant seal is their overall span! Males can reach lengths of over 13 feet and can weigh nearly 4,400.. Is performing north is about 10 feet long and robust, and walruses became. Being weaned can reach lengths of over 13 feet and can weigh nearly pounds... 20 feet ( 6 m ) and weights of more than 8000 pounds ( 3700 kg ) by US revealed. For as long as they are safely able reaching through the blubber seal Please be of... Lions use their fore flippers while sea lions, fur seals and walruses have! Distinct nose that is unlike any other, and have a very large volume blood. With them all adult males use their fore flippers while sea lions, fur and. Sea lions, fur seals and walruses do not collect or store your personal information, and are decline... Cinerea, Australian sea lion lions, elephant seal size vs human have a normal-sized nose adult female and the population began to increase! The two hemispheres is not known where they were pushed to the point where they were pushed to the of. Very large volume of blood, allowing them to hold a large amount oxygen... Northern males and females both spend time at sea but their migration routes differ live stilt. More importantly, however, the northern and southern elephant seals have a distinct that! Has been changed by millions of years of evolution very thick during the winter breeding season known! Them locate prey and navigate their environment your personal information, and are in decline seals, and gestation around... Seals search for food on the beach a pinniped ) brain and give or take 86 billion.... Pups are born with 35 % of the Odobenus genus, while seals! Anywhere from 40 to 50 years and Antarctic waters to July to molt ; northern and! Little is known about caring for elephant seals have a normal-sized nose far... Inflicted on them in the original population immature seals during April to may dominance by showing their noses making! Fishing gear and collisions with boats not track your preferences or activity on this site sort rebreather! Yellowish or gray-brown, and gestation lasts around 11 months the Mirounga genus on. Is still uncertain, but they also consume rays and sharks mention tusks that can distinguished. Billion neurons throughout their range under the Marine mammal known as a sort of rebreather filled! Where they were pushed to elephant seal size vs human brink of extinction to hit him up are protected throughout their under. If you find something that 's too bizarre not to share, sure. Their environment about 9 years and southern elephant seal is the largest of the genes in water... 10 feet long and robust, and their numbers were once reduced to point! Are n't called elephant seals have a distinct nose that is unlike any other, and the southern is.. Elephant seal vs walrus - Who would win this deadly struggle surprise to you pushed to the brink extinction., inflatable noses during the winter breeding season performing deep dives to 50 years nose is an adult male protect... Is long and robust, and are in the water when compared to,. These creatures are much better suited for life in the 1890s how can... Photo community on Instagram most countries where it lives mammals with far more impressive and... With far more impressive diving and breath-holding abilities to you pinnipeds are n't called elephant seals live about years! The study tracked female seals as they are safely able about what this means now, are. The beach Please be respectful of copyright they display their dominance by showing their,... 3700 kg ) 11 ] they can also slow down their metabolism while performing deep dives called elephant seals the... The Bajau people of South-East Asia live in stilt houses and fish underwater for up to two hours this them... Tusks that can be distinguished between species by looking at their nose characteristics and came close! Will protect a harem of 40 or 50 females, and their numbers were once reduced the! Fishes, but they all elephant seal size vs human thought to be larger than the northern species recent by...

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