It went to George McGovern, who lost to Richard Nixon in the general election. Fill in the blank spot in the following sentence. There on the sidewalk ______the photographers. What role did both men and women among Plains Indians share? The one was to consider myself as a manufacturer of dry plates and to perfect them as an end in itself. The laws gave African Americans land for farms. They increased the personal freedoms of enslaved African Americans B. Also in 1966, Huey P. Newton and Bobby Seale, college students in Oakland, California, founded the Black Panther Party. After the heady rush of the civil rights movements first years, anger and frustration was increasing among many African Americans, who saw clearly that true equalitysocial, economic and politicalstill eluded them. W.E.B. Local law enforcement responded, but slowly, and U.S. Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy eventually ordered State Highway Patrol protection for the freedom riders to continue to Montgomery, Alabama, where they again encountered violent resistance. READ MORE: Why Eisenhower Sent the 101st Airborne to Little Rock After Brown v. Board, Mildred and Richard Loving answer questions at a press conference the day after the Supreme Court ruled in their favor in Loving v. Virginia. Cities in the East and West increased in population. Which was the main reason for the slow growth of labor unions in the United States during the 19th century? They were unwilling to give up the minimal gains that had been made during the war. Segregation was made law several times in 18th- and 19th-century America as some believed that Black and white people were incapable of coexisting. -George Eastman Kings improvised sermon continued for nine minutes after the end of his prepared remarks, and his stirring words would be remembered as undoubtedly one of the greatest speeches in American history. In Boynton v. Virginia (1960), the Court extended the earlier ruling to include bus terminals, restrooms and other related facilities, and CORE took action to test the enforcement of that ruling. After the end of slavery, African Americans could move and find new work. Meredith went on to graduate from Ole Miss in 1963, but the struggle to integrate higher education continued. READ MORE:How the Greensboro Four Sit-In Sparked a Movement. Calls for reform led Congress to pass the Dawes Act in 1887. What factor best accounts for the price change in the Model T automobile? B) After the end of slavery, African Americans could move and find new work. The laws gave African Americans land or farms. It would also, organizers believed, disprove some of the stereotypical negative images of Black men that existed in American society. By the summer of 1862, however, Lincoln had come to believe he could not avoid the slavery question much longer. By the time the riots subsided, some 55 people were dead, more than 2,300 injured, and more than 1,000 buildings had been burned. Caught on videotape by an onlooker and broadcast around the world, the beating inspired widespread outrage in the citys African American community, who had long condemned the racial profiling and abuse its members suffered at the hands of the police force. It is cold and we have no blankets. Ghost towns were left behind after the mines stopped producing. On March 6, 1857, the U.S. Supreme Court handed down its decision in Scott v. Sanford, delivering a resounding victory to southern supporters of slavery and arousing the ire of northern abolitionists. They laid tracks, built trestles across rivers, carved tunnels through mountains, and built countless railroad stations. 4.The Union victory at Antietam allowed Lincoln a position ins trength. While Washington and Carver represented a philosophy of accommodation to white supremacy, another prominent Black educator, the Harvard-trained historian and sociologist W.E.B. Davis, claiming that his grades and test scores were higher than those of minority students who were admitted and accusing UC Davis of reverse discrimination. In June 1978, in Regents of the University of California v. Bakke, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the use of strict racial quotas was unconstitutional and that Bakke should be admitted; on the other hand, it held that institutions of higher education could rightfully use race as a criterion in admissions decisions in order to ensure diversity. Though he largely stayed out of the political spotlight after stepping down, Powell remained an admired figure in Washington and beyond. Although the culprits in the casewhite supremacists who included the countys deputy sheriffwere soon identified, the state made no arrests. What invention supported the car industry? By 1940, peanuts had become the second cash crop in the South. He made a pilgrimage to Mecca that same year and underwent a second conversion, this time to Sunni Islam. C.angrily D. The Southern Pacific Railroad contributed to the growth of cities including San Francisco and Los Angeles Whose innovation is evident in this 1881 illustration? Its organizer, Minister Louis Farrakhan, had called for a million sober, disciplined, committed, dedicated, inspired Black men to meet in Washington on a day of atonement. Farrakhan, who had asserted control over the Nation of Islam (commonly known as the Black Muslims) in the late 1970s and reasserted its original principles of Black separatism, may have been an incendiary figure, but the idea behind the Million Man March was one most Blackand many whitepeople could get behind. Du Bois edited the NAACPs official magazine, The Crisis, from 1910 to 1934, publishing many of the leading voices in African American literature and politics and helping fuel the spread of the Harlem Renaissance in the 1920s. Giving American Indians land that would be useful for farming. The Voting Rights Act sought to overcome the legal barriers that still existed at the state and local levels preventing Black citizens from exercising the right to vote given them by the 15th Amendment. During the 1830s, the owner of an enslaved man named Dred Scott had taken him from the slave state of Missouri to the Wisconsin territory and Illinois, where slavery was outlawed, according to the terms of the Missouri Compromise of 1820. B.his second inaugural Address And on March 13, 26-year-old EMT Breonna Taylorwas shot eight times and killed after police broke down the door to her apartment while executing a nighttime warrant. Milamdragged Till from his great uncles house in the middle of the night. In the same time period, the number of Black people serving in Congress increased from six to about 40. B) After the end of slavery, African Americans could move and find new work. Which was a major result of the Homestead Act of 1862? After assisting in the Underground Railroad out of Missouri and engaging in the bloody struggle between pro- and anti-slavery forces in Kansas in the 1850s, Brown grew anxious to strike a more extreme blow for the cause. Its influence had stretched around the world, opening the doors of mainstream culture to Black artists and writers. In the 1920s, the great migration of Black Americans from the rural South to the urban North sparked an African American cultural renaissance that took its name from the New York City neighborhood of Harlem but became a widespread movement in cities throughout the North and West. Not done fighting, Faubus closed all of Little Rocks high schools in the fall of 1958 rather than permit integration. Congress was debating Kennedys civil rights reform bill when he was killed by an assassins bullet in Dallas, Texas in November 1963. He decided against running, but soon became a prominent fixture in the Republican Party. With the passing of the 13th, A. African Americans tend to be underrepresented in special education programs. . The case eventually made its way to the Supreme Court, where a majority of members decided on June 12, 1967, that laws banning interracial marriage were unconstitutional. The Southern Pacific Railroad contributed to the growth of cities including San Francisco and Los Angeles. Nevada became a state in 1864; Colorado in 1876; North Dakota, South Dakota, Montana and Washington in 1889; Idaho and Wyoming in 1890. Maybe I shall find them among the dead. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like The years immediately following the construction of the transcontinental railroad were years of astounding growth for the United States. The Fair Housing Act of 1968, meant as a follow-up to the Civil Rights Act of 1964, marked the last great legislative achievement of the civil rights era. How did George Westinghouse contribute to railroad transportation? After the end of slavery, African Americans could move and find new work Which of the following can best be inferred from looking at this map 4 The southern pacific railroad contributed to the growth of cities like San Francisco and los Angeles International outrage over the crime and the verdict helped fuel the civil rights movement: just three months after Emmett Tills body was found, and a month after a Mississippi grand jury refused to indict Milam and Bryant on kidnapping charges, a citywide bus boycott in Montgomery, Alabama would begin the movement in earnest. B) After the end of slavery, African Americans could move and find new work. George Washington Carver, another formerly enslaved man and the head of Tuskegees agriculture department, helped liberate the South from its reliance on cotton by convincing farmers to plant peanuts, soybeans and sweet potatoes in order to rejuvenate the exhausted soil. More than 3 million Black Americans would register for service during the war, with some 500,000 seeing action overseas. What negative impact did gold and silver mining have in the West? 3. Which idea does this passage express? After the end of slavery, African Americans could move and find new work. On February 21, 1965, during a speaking engagement in Harlem, three members of the NOI rushed the stage and shot Malcolm some 15 times at close range. Even the poorest can be made to see this, and to agree that great sums gathered by some of their fellow citizens and spent for public purposes, from which the masses reap the principal benefit, are more valuable to them than if scattered among them through the course of many years in trifling amounts. After Allan Bakke, a white California man, applied twice without success, he sued U.C. Between 1860 and 1890, the miles of railroad track interlacing the U.S. increased ninefoldfrom 30,000 miles to 270,000 miles, and the population leapt from 31,000,000 to over 76,000,000 people. Instead, he urged followers to defend themselves against white aggression by any means necessary. Mounting tensions between Malcolm and NOI founder Elijah Muhammad led Malcolm to form his own mosque in 1964. After months of quarantine and isolation during a global pandemic, protests mounted, spreading across the country in the following days and weeks. The organizations believed the participation of white students in the so-called Freedom Summer would bring increased visibility to their efforts. -Andrew Carnegie, 1889 The Little Rock Nine forming a study group after being prevented from entering Little Rock's Central High School. While its original mission was to protect Black people from white brutality by sending patrol groups into Black neighborhoods, the Panthers soon developed into a Marxist group that promoted Black Power by urging African Americans to arm themselves and demand full employment, decent housing and control over their own communities. When Meredith arrived at Ole Miss under the protection of federal forces including U.S. marshals, a mob of more than 2,000 people formed on the Oxford, Mississippi campus. What industry's decline would hurt the southern economy the most? Yes. The American Federation of Labor differed from the Knights of Labor in that it. . READ MORE: Harriet Tubman: 8 Facts About the Daring Abolitionist. B)opened weapons factories. Which was the main reason for the slow growth of labor unions in the United States during the 19th century? Chauvin was filmed kneeling on Floyds neck for more than eight minutes. Pew Research.The Path to Eric Garners death. (waits, wait). B. Ranchers commonly raise grazing animals such as cattle and sheep.Some ranchers also raise elk, bison, ostriches, emus, and alpacas.The ranching and livestock industry is growing faster than any other agricultural sector in the world. Why would the loss of farms make it especially difficult for the Southern economy to recover? His trial riveted the nation, and he emerged as an eloquent voice against the injustice of slavery and a martyr to the abolitionist cause. C. The laws provided African Americans with voting rights. Based on this text, why might tensions have broken out between Sitting Bull and the United States government? The act also guaranteed equal voting rights by removing biased registration requirements and procedures and authorized the U.S. Office of Education to provide aid to assist with school desegregation. Why did Southern states use poll taxes, literacy tests, and grandfather clauses as Reconstruction came to an end? Kennedy sent federal marshals to escort the riders to Jackson, Mississippi, but images of the bloodshed made the worldwide news, and the freedom rides continued. The practice of collective bargaining became more common. D.Vicksburg There remains, then, only one mode of using great fortunesUnder its sway we shall have an ideal state, in which the surplus wealth of the few will become, in the best sense, the property of the many, because administered for the common good, and this wealth, passing through the hands of the few, can be made a much more potent force for the elevation of our race than if it had been distributed in small sums to the people themselves. What did the Thirteenth Amendment do? Blues singer Bessie Smith, pianist Jelly Roll Morton, bandleader Louis Armstrong, composer Duke Ellington, dancer Josephine Baker and actor Paul Robeson were among the leading entertainment talents of the Harlem Renaissance, while Paul Laurence Dunbar, James Weldon Johnson, Claude McKay, Langston Hughes and Zora Neale Hurston were some of its most eloquent writers. Likewise, many roving bands of hunters and warriors did not sign the 1868 treaty and, consequently, felt no obligation to conform to its restrictions or to limit their hunting to the unceded hunting land assigned by the treaty. After serving a two-year jail sentence, Garvey was pardoned by President Calvin Coolidge and immediately deported; he died in London in 1940. 4. Ranching is common in temperate, dry areas, such as the Pampas region of South . What was the primary goal of the Dawes Act? Pay special attention to Judiths characterization of the elderly Sikh couple as lovely people motivated by stubbornness and ignorance (para. Lumberjacks cut down whole forests to supply wood for railroad ties. (a) What does the mud look like when Amparo first sees it, and how does it change by the end of the story? The church bombing was the third in 11 days after the federal government had ordered the integration of Alabamas school system. Let your reader hear how people talk. Beginning in the 1960s, the term affirmative action was used to refer to policies and initiatives aimed at compensating for past discrimination on the basis of race, color, sex, religion or national origin. C.Fredericksburg wheat prices declined What industry was Andrew Carnegie part of? The University of California at Davis, for example, designated 16 percent of its medical schools admissions spots for minority applicants. In early 1965, Martin Luther King Jr.s Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) made Selma, Alabama, the focus of its efforts to register Black voters in the South. b. While supporters of slavery pointed to the Turner rebellion as evidence that Black people were inherently inferior barbarians requiring an institution such as slavery to discipline them, the increased repression of southern Black people would strengthen antislavery feeling in the North through the 1860s and intensify the regional tensions building toward civil war. Based on the account of Mrs. Berger, the transcontinental railroads.. Why would it be important for railroads to use strong management techniques? The case went to the Supreme Court, where Chief Justice Roger B. Taney and the majority eventually ruled that Scott was an enslaved person and not a citizen, and thus had no legal rights to sue. A) During the Civil War, many African Americans went west to work on railroads. Giving American Indians land that would be useful for farming. From the same prolific [producing a lot of something] womb of governmental injustice we breed the two great classestramps and millionaires. regulating railroad rates to help farmers. After nine years in the Air Force, Meredith had studied at the allBlack Jackson State College and applied repeatedly to Ole Miss with no success. In the passage Gompers explains the need for. Two people were killed and close to 200 injured in the ensuing chaos, which ended only after President Kennedys administration sent some 31,000 troops to restore order. Sitting Bull did not feel bound by the 1868 treaty, which he didn't sign. Even if you're writing about a place, people may be part of your description. In February 2022, the three other officers were found guilty ofdepriving Floyd of his civil rights when they helped with the restraint that led to his death. C) In the. Garveys boast of 6 million followers in 1923 was probably exaggerated, but even his critics admitted that the UNIA had some 500,000 members. . In mid-September, white supremacists bombed the 16th Street Baptist Church in Birmingham, Alabama during Sunday services; four young African American girls were killed in the explosion. I want to have time to look for my children and see how many I can find. It allowed meat to be shipped long distances. In September, under pressure from CORE and other civil rights organizations, as well as from the attorney generals office, the Interstate Commerce Commission ruled that all passengers on interstate bus carriers should be seated without regard to race and carriers could not mandate segregated terminals. On December 1, 1955, an African American woman named Rosa Parks was riding a city bus in Montgomery, Alabama when the driver told her to give up her seat to a white man. Frustrated Black servicemen were forced to combat racism even as they sought to further U.S. war aims; this became known as the Double V strategy, for the two victories they sought to win. Based on information in the graph, what was one factor in the 1894 Pullman Strike? What social trend caused the demand for beef to rise immediately following the Civil War? The hashtag #BlackLivesMatter first appeared on Twitter on July 13, 2013, and spread widely as high-profile cases involving the deaths of Black civilians provoked renewed outrage. After the end of slavery, African Americans could move and find new work. (1 point) A) During the Civil War, many African Americans went west to work on railroads. How is the poem an analogy? B. African American students are more likely to be placed in a separate school or correctional, established in March 1863 established in April 1862 applied to white men aged 20 to 45 applied to white men aged 18 to 35 (later expanded to men aged 17 to 50) avoidable by paying the, 1. After Robinsons historic breakthrough, baseball was steadily integrated, with professional basketball and tennis following suit in 1950. With the onset of the Great Depression, as organizations like the NAACP and the National Urban League switched their focus to the economic and political problems facing Black Americans, the Harlem Renaissance drew to a close. After the end of slavery, African Americans could move and find new work. 1 is B. A - I don't know Members of the St. Louis Cardinals even threatened to strike if Robinson played; baseball commissioner Ford Frick settled the question by threatening to suspend any player who went on strike. We believe that the power of governmentin other words, of the peopleshould be expanded . D. A former educational consultant and a founder of the National Womens Caucus, Chisholm became the first Black woman in Congress in 1968, when she was elected to the House from her Brooklyn district. He was a leading voice for Black Americans during the early 1980s, urging them to be more politically active and heading up a voter registration drive that led to the election of Harold Washington as the first Black mayor of Chicago in 1983. What factor most likely caused a decline in Grange membership? . In another history-making appointment, Condoleezza Rice, Bushs longtime foreign policy adviser and the former head of the National Security Council, succeeded Powell, becoming the first African American woman to serve as secretary of state. Only the election of the antislavery Republican Abraham Lincoln as president in 1860 remained before the southern states would begin severing ties with the Union, sparking the bloodiest conflict in American history. a. How did western farmers try to improve their conditions when they fell on hard times in the late 1800s? "I Will Fight No More Forever": Chief Joseph Floyd had been accused of using a counterfeit $20 bill at a local deli in Minneapolis. What caused many boomtowns to turn into ghost towns? Among the prominent figures are Madam C.J. The Southern economy was largely based on agriculture. The years immediately following the construction of the transcontinental railroad were years of astounding growth for the United States. After the Civil War, veterans of the Confederate Army made up the majority of the cowhands who worked in Texas. At its conclusion, King quoted an old Negro spiritual: Free at last! How did western farmers try to improve their conditions when they fell on hard times in the late 1800s? Custer found Sitting Bull encamped [based] on the Little Bighorn River in Montana. In January 2021, Kamala Harris became the first woman and first woman of color to become vice president of the United States. C.The Emancipation Proclamation READ MORE:Voting Rights in the United States: Timeline. to encourage American Indians to become farmers. The King case was eventually tried in the suburb of Simi Valley, and in April 1992 a jury found the officers not guilty. According to the Court, Congress had no constitutional power to deprive persons of their property rights when dealing with enslaved people in the territories. Rosa Parks sitting in front of a bus in Montgomery, Alabama, after the Supreme Court ruled segregation illegal on the city bus system on December 21st, 1956. A. Thanks to the campaign of nonviolent resistance championed by Martin Luther King Jr. beginning in the late 1950s, the civil rights movement had begun to gain serious momentum in the United States by 1960. As white southerners gradually reestablished civil authority in the former Confederate states in 1865 and 1866, they enacted a series of laws known as the Black Codes, which were designed to restrict freed Black peoples activity and ensure their availability as a labor force. Production was limited, however, by the laborious process of removing the seeds from raw cotton fibers, which had to be completed by hand. The southern economy was largely based on agriculture, Predict which of the following policies might have made the Dawes act more successful, Giving Native Americans land that would be useful for farming. In the Brown decision, Chief Justice Earl Warren famously declared that separate educational facilities are inherently unequal. Though the Courts ruling applied specifically to public schools, it implied that other segregated facilities were also unconstitutional, thus striking a heavy blow to the Jim Crow South. The couple was then given a choice: spend 25 years in prison or leave Virginia. Lesson 6: La Televisin Y Las Peliculas Unit, The First Global Age The First Global Age was, John Lund, Paul S. Vickery, P. Scott Corbett, Todd Pfannestiel, Volker Janssen, Eric Hinderaker, James A. Henretta, Rebecca Edwards, Robert O. Self, Donald Kagan, Frank M. Turner, Steven Ozment, Myers for AP Psychology Unit 13: THERAPIES. A. After the end of slavery, African Americans could move and find new work. Between 1860 and 1890, the miles of railroad track interlacing the U.S. increased ninefoldfrom 30,000 miles to 270,000 miles, and the population leapt from 31,000,000 to over 76,000,000 people. Plessy vs. Ferguson stood as the overriding judicial precedent in civil rights cases until 1954, when it was reversed by the Courts verdict in Brown v. Board of Education. All Rights Reserved. Library of Congress However, it is estimated that nearly one in three cowhands was either Mexican American or African American. Most were subject to special taxes. The railroad companies themselves employed thousands of workers. Whose innovation is evident in this 1881 illustration? The laws allowed African Americans to be arrested unfairly. The march was intended to bring about a kind of spiritual renewal among Black men and to instill in them a sense of solidarity and of personal responsibility to improve their own condition. Because African Americans made up some 70 percent of the bus companys riders at the time, and the great majority of Montgomerys Black citizens supported the bus boycott, its impact was immediate. After the Civil War, veterans of the Confederate Army made up the majority of the cowhands who worked in Texas. Throughout the 1980s and 1990s, the success of the long-running sitcom The Cosby Showfeaturing popular comedian Bill Cosby as the doctor patriarch of a close-knit middle-class African American familyhelped redefine the image of Black characters on mainstream American television. By the early 1970s, SNCC was effectively disbanded. C? King, who was on probation for robbery and had been drinking, led them on a high-speed chase, and by the time the patrolmen caught up to his car, several officers of the Los Angeles Police Department were on the scene. B. As the 19th century came to an end and segregation took ever stronger hold in the South, many African Americans saw self-improvement, especially through education, as the single greatest opportunity to escape the indignities they suffered. The little children are freezing to death. Du Bois met at Niagara Falls, Canada, sparking a new political protest movement to demand civil rights for Black people in the old spirit of abolitionism. Adding that detail would reveal something about her. On March 7, 600 marchers got as far as the Edmund Pettus Bridge outside Selma when they were attacked by state troopers wielding whips, nightsticks and tear gas. The Emancipation Proclamation prohibited slavery and recognized that African Americans should enjoy constitutional freedom like other Americans. After King allegedly resisted arrest and threatened them, four LAPD officers shot him with a TASER gun and severely beat him. . Governor George Wallace was a leading foe of desegregation, and Birmingham had one of the strongest and most violent chapters of the Ku Klux Klan. Free at last! After the Civil War, the racist legacy of slavery . The success of conservative politicians that yearincluding Richard Nixons election as president and the third-party candidacy of the ardent segregationist George Wallace, who won 13 percent of the votefurther discouraged African Americans, many of whom felt that the tide was turning against the civil rights movement. The Great Migration was one of the largest migrations ever of the African American population. In this way, the ghettoan inner city community plagued by high unemployment, crime and other social illsbecame an ever more prevalent fact of urban Black life. After studying at Harvard Law School and practicing constitutional law in Chicago, he began his political career in 1996 in the Illinois State Senate and in 2004 announced his candidacy for a newly vacant seat in the U.S. Senate. After the end of slavery, African Americans could move and find new work What factor most likely caused a decline in Grange membership? Some 100 enslaved people, including innocent bystanders, lost their lives in the struggle. As the outspoken public voice of the Black Muslim faith, Malcolm challenged the mainstream civil rights movement and the nonviolent pursuit of integration championed by Martin Luther King Jr. A year earlier, Representative Shirley Chisholm of New York became a national symbol of both movements as the first major party African American candidate and the first female candidate for president of the United States. Why might recent events have led to many African Americans working for ranchers? The Harlem Renaissance was the development of the Harlem neighborhood in New York City as a Black cultural mecca in the early 20th Century and the subsequent social and artistic explosion that resulted. On May 26, 2020, the day after Floyds death, protestors in Minneapolis took to the streets to protest Floyds killing. 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